How Do Critical Perspectives On Crime Differ From Traditional Essay Example for Free

How Do Critical Perspectives On Crime Differ From Traditional Essay Basic viewpoints on wrongdoing vary from different points of view in that they center around ways individuals and foundations react to wrongdoing and hoodlums. Basic points of view are regularly called social response speculations. The various speculations secured under basic points of view incorporate Labeling hypothesis, Conflict and radical hypothesis and women's activist hypothesis. Marking hypothesis expresses that abnormality isn't simply the demonstration that an individual submits; a freak name will lead us to be increasingly degenerate. Marking hypothesis is one of the most critical points of view in the investigation of criminology. Among these speculations is the naming hypothesis which is one of the most noteworthy hypotheses considered. Marking hypothesis embraces a relativist’s definition, by expecting that nothing about a given conduct naturally makes it degenerate. While customary speculations acknowledge the exactness of authority naming, for example, the capture and indictment, Labeling hypothesis challenges the view and says some people’s conduct is bound to be marked degenerate than others. Struggle and Radical speculations take up where marking hypothesis leaves off. They contend that law is just constrained by the ground-breaking and that they are frequently safeguarded by the prevailing, dissimilar to customary speculations that advance the law and stress the positive parts of it. One zone roused by women's activist work is frequently called sexual orientation proportion; it is the investigation of female rates is such a great amount of lower than male’s rates in savage wrongdoings. Inside the women's activist speculations we have exploitation, contrasts in wrongdoings, Gender Differences, Masculinity. A lot of spotlight is highlighted on manliness of wrongdoings. Scientists contend that so as to decrease wrongdoing men must be mingled more and male predominance must be lit up. It was noted in Chapter 3 that we as of now work admirably of raising our young ladies not to be hoodlums, anyway how might we actualize this into the manly side of things. Manliness and wrongdoing is the huge focal point of crafted by sexual orientation proportion issues. The issue as indicated by sociologists is that wrongdoing is basically a male issue and we have to make sense of how we get to it being significantly less of an issue. Most violations against ladies are either delivered as a wrongdoing against a more fragile individual or a wrongdoing in light of the fact that the criminal is the predominant one. It is by all accounts a twofold edge blade. Force Control hypothesis clarifies the degree of female guiltiness by looking at the sexual orientation procedure of families. It features the jobs played by ladies and men in context to their group. Force Control hypothesis takes a gander at two essential areas, the first is Patriarchal family units in which just the dad works outside the home and the mother is left at home to think about the kids. In this sort of family young men gain proficiency with the manly jobs and young ladies get familiar with the feministic jobs. The other is populist, in which both the female authority and patriarch works outside the home, in this manner the direction isn't there to legitimize jobs which will in general lead to wrongdoing in both sex kids. Albeit most trial of Power control hypothesis produce blended outcomes. Feministic hypotheses show us exactly how inconsistent ladies are depicted in law and society. The primary issue with control hypothesis is a mother’s word related spot versus a father’s word related spot in the family. It centers around the perceived leverage and control and how this influences the child’s inclinations for hazard taking. Criminal law isolates murder and non-careless homicide into four subgroups: first degree murder, second degree murder, intentional homicide and automatic murder. A portion of the examples depicted in our book remember geographic examples for which is chronicled with information measurements. It centers around the various areas and shows the most elevated insights in the South, with the Northeast and Midwest being low to mid. As per information the most noteworthy weapon utilized in murders are handguns at 68 % with blades and obtuse items at 13%. Specialists state that the south is the most noteworthy level of wrongdoing because of the high temperature and swarmed urban zones. As indicated by our book (P200) a sufficient clarification of crime and irritated attack must answer the accompanying inquiries: Why does the United States have a higher manslaughter rate than some other modern country? This is replied by examine that gives information that the United States has more disparity than different countries and in this manner this produces more wrongdoing. There is an immense distinction between the rich and poor people. The other explanation or answer given to this is in the United States more handguns are claimed, and since handguns are the significant reason for murders, this likewise adds to the higher rates. Inside the United States, for what reason are crime and exasperated attack rates most noteworthy in the urban zones? This is best replied with Socialâ disorganization, anomie and strain hypothesis help clarify why wrongdoing as a rule is higher in urban zones; this incorporates higher populaces, denser territories of home, family packing just as feeble day to day environments. There is additionally an opportunity of higher joblessness rates. For what reason do men submit practically all crimes and disturbed attacks? The manliness speculations were raised in section 9, yet this inquiry is replied as this is by all accounts molded in youth and the requirement for young men to grow up more grounded and better than ladies who are viewed as less prevailing. Neediness likewise connects with manliness, the intensity in families and social gatherings. For what reason do African-Americans and others of shading have high paces of manslaughters and irritated attack, both as wrongdoers and casualties? This inquiry is disclosed in comparable manners to those above. It has been an inquiry brimming with hard feelings and closely-held convictions. It could likewise be understood as a bigot or cliché question. Since it is such an unstable subject most analysts go about it in clarifying how minorities have criminogenic auxiliary and natural variables which cause their crime percentage to be higher. There is social complication stress, the pressure of being denied and victimized. Additionally recorded are negative family and school encounters alongside the companion pressure from other freak young people that are basic in the urban territories. These elements separate might not have a lot of impact, however together it ends up being the ideal blend to put African Americans, particularly youthful African Americans at a higher hazard for wrongdoing. For which two kinds of brutal wrongdoing are women’s paces of exploitation a lot higher than men’s exploitation rates? At what rates are ladies deceived for these violations? Portray social legends supporting assault and battering that are talked about in the content Rape/rape and aggressive behavior at home/viciousness carried out by lingerie are at the highest priority on the rundown for wrongdoings submitted against ladies more than men. (P220) Our book expresses that ladies spoke to 89% of all rape wrongdoings and 79% of irritated attacks. A significant number of the social legends are engaged with abroad and underdeveloped nations which consider ladies to be assets or not exactly worth contrasted with a man. In India, just as Pakistan Dowry passings which kill a great many ladies are submitted every day. These passings are authorized as legitimate or typically directed by law authorization with installment. Endowment passings are submitted againstâ a lady of the hour by either a spouse or the husband’s family in light of the fact that the bride’s share was not paid as it should be. Wartime assault and batteries is likewise high in different nations and regularly neglected in the legal framework. A portion of the legends associated with these exploitations incorporate ladies â€Å"like† to be assaulted or they â€Å"ask† to be assaulted. Our book utilizes the initial scene in Gone With the Wind to communicate one of the numerous depictions of ladies getting a charge out of being explicitly ambushed , she is raced up-steps without wanting to, and afterward is appeared with a grin all over toward the beginning of the day. The other legend is that ladies request to be assaulted by the manner in which they dress or how they carry on. This has been a reason utilized by many, even today. The fault doesn't go on the abuser in these cases however takes a gander at how the lady was carrying on before the rape. For abusive behavior at home and attacks the ladies is again said to have â€Å"asked† for the beating by threatening the abuser. The lady is accused for saying or planning something for outrage the male and consequently merited the beating or misuse they got. Ladies are additionally accused since they don't leave the abuser whenever they get an opportunity to leave, nor do they press charges whenever they frequently get the opportunity to. Ladies ordinarily don't leave damaging life partners since they are frequently the sole suppliers, ladies have youngsters and regularly no cash to leave or pay for lodging anyplace or legitimate expenses to separation or put limiting requests on abusers.

English short story Charlie Mcsweeney Mrs Kurt Essays

English short story Charlie Mcsweeney Mrs Kurt Essays English short story Charlie Mcsweeney Mrs Kurt Essay English short story Charlie Mcsweeney Mrs Kurt Essay Fire, how was I expected to realize it would prompt this? Why was fire made? What is its motivation? For what reason did I not contemplate these focuses before?When I was only a little kid (around ten) just because a lighter fire gleamed before my eyes, a fixation of mine had quite recently developed. You see after the principal sight of the radiant spellbinding fire I was snared like an enslavement continually needing to see a greater and increasingly savage fire.The first fire I brought forth required three fire motors to douse it. It was these old tin sheds, that were neglected or that was what I had thought until I had seen the nearby news that evening,Homeless man discovered reprimanded in forsaken tin sheds in Longfield.I felt liable for the vagrant emptying the sheds, and yet a sharp invigorating surge developed all through my body. Whenever made the nearby news once more, an old summary house in the forested areas which went up a treat. The fire motors where incapable to get to the scene, while I watched on intrigued by the blazes flashing savagely in the breeze. The police where getting somewhat dubious now and where attempting to generalization individuals strolling down the road as arsonists whatever one of them would resemble. You see I was a regular young person with tracksuit bottoms a shirt secured by a hooded top and a baseball top. This was the style for kids my age so I didnt stand apart by any means, in spite of the fact that the surge of being gotten was another incitement that I knew one day I would reach an end.For the following couple of months I had been circumventing causing gore torching old houses to dustbins. The surge was developing; my psyche instructing me to cause a fire and to consume something, at this stage realized something wasn't right with my brain yet I was so engaged with the flames my presence of mind had blurred away. I realized the police were hot following right after me they had limited the suspects down to an adole scent living locally in Longfield. This next fire was to be my last it would be the greatest fire I have ever observed. Throughout the previous two months I had been arranging it, thinking about the entirety of my fire lover abilities that I could use.I set off from my home and strolled the three miles to the shops to pick my looking for the fire; it comprised of two jerry jars loaded with petroleum, a lighter and I traveled to Glovers ranch to pick five bails of straw. I set off to the committee bequest which was stuffed with more than 200 houses. I situated my devices around the in one of the carports and continued towards the closest alarm and let it off, and watched the entirety of the individuals escape to the vehicle leave nearly hundred yards away. I at that point promptly started to situate the feed bails in the home. You see the domain had two enormous structures joined by a littler one in the center. I at that point quickly moved to the base of the center structure set the straw and afterward went to the recover the lighter and petroleum. Every one of that was need currently was for me to fix the lighter to detonate when I heard alarms; it must be the police and fire unit reacting to the alarm as I put the fixed lighter there was a hitting into the door,Come on open the entryway, whos there.It must be a child simply playing with alerts again proceed to get the fire detachment to look through the area!The lighter was set up and I was caught the best way to go was up, at this stage my heart was beating and my veins prepared to detonate in view of the adrenaline coursing through them. I at that point remained on the top of the center structure and out of nowhere heard a stunning impact of the fixed lighter detonating. Looking down I could see fir thundering out of the windows and rising upwards.Time was blurring endlessly constraining me upon a choice to live and get captured because of the drop being so high, or remain and get scorched to death. Now ga zing demise directly in the eyes I understood there was no surge or inclination to do it again however a craving to carry on with my life as a typical rational individual again not an arsonist and not end my life at sixteen. The fire was presently two stories underneath me I could feel the warmth through the rooftop. My activities consistently have appeared to go before my brain so before I knew it I was in mid air on my way sensible. I went through the blazes out the window I got somewhat chastened; as I hit the floor with a sickening crash and no feeling of feeling in my legs feeling totally deadened. While I was attempting to creep away I was spotted by one of the policemen,Lads Ive discovered him. Hes the person who began it I saw him through the window.I wasnt truly left with a decision to argue my guiltlessness seeing as one of the occupants saw me set the caution off.So here I am currently sitting in adolescent jail saying to myself,Fire, how was I expected to realize it woul d prompt this? Why was fire made? What was its motivation?

A Brief History of Credit Cards

A Brief History of Credit Cards A Brief History of Credit Cards A Brief History of Credit CardsDiners Club cards werent the first type of credit card, but they were the first to find success on a large scaleâ€"even though their inventor wrote them off as a fad.Credit cards. Few items are as capable of both fixing and ruining a financial situation.Properly using a credit card is one of the best ways to raise your credit score. By paying your bills on time and keeping your debt loads lowâ€"with balances that never exceed 30 percent of your credit limitâ€"you can gradually build  up better and better credit.However, misusing a credit card by taking on more debt than you can handle and/or missing your payments will totally land your score in the tank. Thats how you end up in a situation where youre taking out predatory no credit check loans like payday loans and cash advances to make ends meet during a financial emergency.But how did these polarizing plastics come to be? This is the story of how the humble credit card came to rule over so many financ ial transactions. Before money, there was grain and cattle.Loans have existed for almost as long as civilization. In ancient Egypt, Sumeria, China, India, and elsewhere, early banking systems developed based on food loans. By borrowing cattle or seeds, farmers could breed or grow additional plants or animals. They’d then be required to pay back interest on the loan they took out.This was one of the earliest forms of credit. But you couldn’t take your cows to a movie theater and swipe them in a machine to get some popcorn. There had to be another way!Credit continued to exist and grow as coins and paper money became the dominant form of currency, edging out cows due to their greater portability. But the classic credit card wouldn’t hit the scene until the 20th century. We take you now to post-war Brooklyn …The Diners Club card changed everythingThe first “charge” card didn’t swipe or insert. And no, it wasn’t touchless either.“Bank issued cards came on the scene in 1946, when John Biggins, a Brooklyn bank started the ‘Charg-It’ card,” explained financial coach and author  Karen Ford. “The bank would pay the stores and be responsible for collecting the debt from the card-holders.Biggins’ idea was implemented on a small scaleâ€"only available for residents and merchants within a few blocks of the bank, but the idea caught on quickly. Four years later, the Diners Club Card was instituted by Frank McNamara.”And now, to learn how McNamara came up with the idea for the Diners Club Card, let lawyer and author Steve Weisman of  Scamicide (@Scamicide) take you back to a restaurant in New York City in the middle of the last century:“The evolution of the modern credit card began in 1950 with the issuance of the first Diners Club cards. Diners Club cards were the brainchild of Frank McNamara who, while out for dinner with his lawyer Ralph Schneider and his friend Alfred Bloomingdale, was embarrassed to find he had forgotten his wallet.A shor t phone call later, his wife brought him the necessary cash to pay for dinner, but the proverbial light bulb went off in his head. He came up with the idea for the Diners Club card through which businesses could offer credit to customers with Diners Club billing the customers and paying the businesses.“This business model was the basis for Diners Club and then all credit cards. Interest was not charged on the initial Diners Club card with payment in full required each month. Schneider and Bloomingdale jointed with McNamara to form Diners Club. Diners Club made its profit from annual fees to cardholders and a surcharge to the merchants on each purchase.The first businesses that accepted Diners Club cards were fittingly fourteen New York restaurants.  Diners Club rapidly expanded from an initial 200 cardholders to 20,000 in the first year. Within two years, Diners Club was profitable and Frank McNamara sold his interest in the company to his friends Schneider and Bloomingdale for $ 200,000 because he was convinced that credit cards were merely a fad.”As you might have guessed, McNamara was not correct!“American Express followed the lead of Diners Club eight years later, but the credit card boom really took off when the bank credit card system operated by MasterCard and Visa (then known as BankAmericard) got into the credit card business by setting up a system by which individual banks would set up accounts with merchants and pay the stores immediately upon receiving the bill,” explained Weisman. “The customer got a monthly statement and then could either pay the bill in its entirety or pay a minimum amount with interest on the unpaid balance.”The Supreme Court gave interest rates a big assist.Every good biopic needs a climactic court scene. Here comes the one for Credit Cards: The True Story. We’ll let Weisman present it:“Another key year in the development of credit cards was 1978 when the Supreme Court ruled that credit card issuers would be ab le to charge their out-of-state customers the highest interest rate permitted in the banks home state. This enabled banks to set up shop in states like South Dakota, Nevada, or Delaware where they could charge interest rates that exceeded the usury rates in the states where their customers lived.”That’s why credit cards became so widespread but also perilous to use if you aren’t careful. Now you understand a little more about the history in your wallet! To learn more about the financial side of history, check out  these related posts and articles from OppLoans:The Secret Financial History of VotingThe 12 Worst Financial Scandals In HistoryA Brief History of Credit Scores25 Little-Known Presidential Money FactsWhat else do you want to know about the history of money?  Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.  |  InstagramContributorsKaren Ford is a Master Financial Coach, Public Speaker, Entrepreneur, and Best- Selling Author. Her #1 Amazon Best Selling Book †œMoney Matters” is a discovery for many.  In “Money Matters” she provides keys to demolishing debt, shares how to budget correctly, and gives principles in wealth building.Steve Weisman  is a lawyer, college professor at Bentley University and author.  He is one of the country’s leading experts in identity theft.  His most recent book is “Identity Theft Alert.”  He also writes the blog  Scamicide.com  (@Scamicide)  where he provides daily updated information about the latest scams and identity theft schemes.

Threats to Information Systems in the Cyberspace Free Essay Example, 2500 words

Information plays a critical role in Eazee Shopping s business decision making and any threats to information security should be considered as a direct threat to smooth functioning, business growth and sustainable development of the supermarket business. As far as Eazee Shopping information security strategy is concerned, it should be pointed out that supermarket chain is required to train its IT workers so that they could become physically and mentally prepare regarding the use of new operational, executive and decision support systems. Then, the company needs to employ different strategies such as continuous system monitoring, performance appraisal framework for systems assessment/evaluation and Acceptable Use Policy (AUP) to ensure physical systems and network security. The above-mentioned policies will be discussed in detail in a separate chapter. For instance, Eazee Shopping should maximise internal systems security by using stronger Oracle Applications, by informing organisat ional members in advance about certain programming flaws and defects, by building security profiles and storing in Authorisation Management Systems, and by using organisation-wide and division-wide system security approaches. The above-mentioned plans will also be discussed in detail in a separate chapter to provide readers with an insight into the implementation of various system security plans by Eazee Shopping. We will write a custom essay sample on Threats to Information Systems in the Cyberspace or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

The Crucible By Arthur Miller - 1273 Words

Arthur Miller’s The Crucible, reveals how general members of society will do anything to attain or maintain a position of power and status amongst the bourgeoisie while a few will go through great lengths to remain true to their faith; ultimately revealing that the act of trying to achieve a higher position in life, at the cost of others, is a choice. Throughout the story you see characters change their views, opinions, and actions on certain items just to remain in the position that they have achieved. They also do these things to get to a higher position in society. Keeping your position and working for a new one means absolutely everything to this society. They will do anything to get what they want, they do not care what they do or if they hurt anyone. If they want something they will do everything in their power to get there. The public servants in the small town of Salem choose to exploit the citizens in pursuit of their materialistic desire to maintain their position as bourgeoisie. Reverend Paris is a prime example of this type of character in The Crucible. Paris has just come back from Barbados and is trying to do everything he can to earn the respect of people in the town. He is trying his best to achieve this when suddenly his niece and daughter are seen practicing witch-craft. This is major problem for him. Paris says to his niece Abigail, â€Å"Abigail, I have fought here three long years to bend these stiff-necked people to me, and now, just now when some goodShow MoreRelatedThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1269 Words   |  6 PagesAt first glance, the playwright Arthur Miller in The Crucible highlights the historical significance of the Salem Witch Trials of 1692, but in fact it is an allegorical expression of his perception of McCarthyism. If the reader has some background information on Arthur Miller’s victimization as a communist, it is evident that the play is a didactic vessel illustrating the flaws of the court system in the 1950’s. The communist allegations were launched at government employees, entertainers and writersRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1681 Words   |  7 Pagesof their way to the last dying breath to make sure they leave with a good or bad reputation. In one of the recent literature study in class â€Å"The Crucible† by Arthur Miller, Miller uses characterization to illustrate reputation throughout the play. â€Å"The Crucible† takes place in Salem, Massachusetts. It is based upon the Salem witch trails. In â€Å"The Crucible†, we journey through the life of three characters who reputations plays a major role in the play. The three characters are John Proctor, AbigailRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller998 Words   |  4 Pagesmotivated by jealousy and spite. The Crucible is a four-act dramatic play production that was first performed on January 22, 1953. Arthur Miller used dialogue within the characters to cover the multiple themes; conflicts and resolutions, plus the few directions for the different actions of the play. The Salem Witch Trials were intended to be performed as the play however, when read, it can be more carefully examined and broken down to analyze the techniques. Miller, the playwright, uses literaryRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1333 Words   |  6 PagesAs the various characters in The Crucible by Arthur Miller interact, the dominant theme of the consequences of women’s nonconformity begins to slide out from behind the curtains of the play. Such a theme reveals the gripping fear that inundated the Puritans during the seventeenth century. This fear led to the famous witch-hunts that primarily terrorized women who deviated from the Puritan vision of absolute obedience and orthodoxy. Arthur Miller presents his interpretation of the suffering by subtlyRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1145 Words   |  5 PagesUnbalance Through The Centuries In Arthur Miller’s play, The Crucible, the author reflects the persecution of communists in America in the 1950’s through a recount of the Salem witch trials. It is often presumed that Miller based his drama directly off of events that were particularly prevalent in the years surrounding the publication of The Crucible- which was released in the year 1953, towards the conclusion of the Korean War. Although there was not a literal witch hunt occurring during this timeRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1063 Words   |  5 PagesIn the English dictionary, there are three definitions of the word crucible. One is a metal container in which metals are mixed and melted. Another is a severe test. But the third definition, and the one that I think fits the best for this book, is a place or situation in which different elements interact to create something new. In my mind, this fits because all of the characters had their little grudges and dirty secrets. But when all th ose seemingly little things interact, they formed somethingRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1285 Words   |  6 Pages Rationale, Morality, Stereotypes, Pressure, Self-Censorship, Unanimity, and Mindguards. Groupthink has also taken place in our history a a country. The play, The Crucible by Arthur Miller is about a the real-life Salem Witch Trials that happened in 1692 - 1693, in Salem, Massachusetts. Some symptoms of Groupthink found in the Crucible are Rationale, Pressure, and Self-Censorship. The Groupthink symptom, Rationale, is described as when victims of Groupthink ignore warnings: they also collectivelyRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller811 Words   |  4 Pages While The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, is only a four act play, it still resembles the format of a five act play. The five-act structure evolved from a three-act structure, which was made famous by Roman Aelius Donatus. Donatus came up with three types of plays: Protasis, Epitasis, and Catastrophe. The five-act structure helped to expand the three act structure, mainly made famous by Shakespeare through his many tragedies. Even though The Crucible contains only four acts, it still has the commonRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1052 Words   |  5 PagesBuddy Al-Aydi Ms.Healy English 9 CP 14th October 2014 The Crucible Essay The Crucible was a novel written by Arthur Miller in the 1950’s. It was written in a format of the play, portraying an allegory of the Salem Witch-Hunts led by Senator Joseph McCarthy. The book is known to have a inexplicable plot. This plot is advanced by multiple characters in the book in order to ensure that the reader maintains interest with the material that is being read. The farmer, John Proctor, would be theRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller841 Words   |  4 PagesThe Crucible is a chaotic play, throughout this American classic Arthur Miller takes the reader through multiple events of terror and insanity. While creating a great on-stage play, Arthur Miller portrays his life through the events, the characters, and plot of The Crucible. Using vivid imagery and comprehensible symbolism, Miller manipulates the real personalities of the characters and events in 1600 Salem, Massachusetts to create a symbolic autobiography. Throughout this play, the reader experie nces

Word Order in a Noun Phrase and English Anaphors Free Essays

WORD ORDER IN NP AND ENGLISH ANAPHORS Tereza Stifnerova The purpose of this essay is firstly to show the word order of a noun phrase (NP) and how the head noun of the NP can be post- and pre-modified, and secondly to focus on meaning of some examples of English anaphors and the distinctions between them and their Czech translations. The first part is going to aim on the internal structure of NPs. Complex nominal phrase consists of the pre-modifying elements, the head noun and the post-modifying elements. We will write a custom essay sample on Word Order in a Noun Phrase and English Anaphors or any similar topic only for you Order Now The so-called pre-modifiers can be divided into two groups: determiners and prenominals. We have to say that „determiners are obligatory and uniqueâ€Å" (Veselovska:86), and they have a specific place in the noun phrase – they are at the beginning. Among determiners we arrange also the possesives (my, your, etc. ). These two (determiners and possesives) are shown in (1). (1) a/the/my/mum’s mug Prenominals are the adjectives and secondary adjectives between the determiners and the head noun. They are optional, which means they do not have to be in the NP, and they are recursive – it means they are not lined up in a very strict order, but there are some semantic features which affect the order. (2) a. the small old blue wooden box b. ? the wooden blue old small box c. small the old blue wooden box Post-modifiers, or postnominals, can also have a fixed or a relatively free order. Among elements of these category belong multiple prepositional phrases (3-4), verbs with infinitive or in the –ing form (5-6), clauses (relative clause) (7), complex adjectival phrases (8) and of-phrases (9). 3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) the gift for Jane from Peter ? the gift from Peter to Jane a girl to watch the lector teaching history the gift which you gave me a girl [AP more beautiful than me ] the student of philology Except the last one, the others can be lined up after the head noun in a relatively free order. (10) a book of fairytales tied with a blue ribbon for my daughter A s I said, the of-phrase has a fixed place in a word order of a NP – it has to follow the head noun immediately because it is adjacent to the noun. 11) a. an office of the teacher with the white door b. * an office with the white door of the teacher In the second part I am going to translate some examples of English anaphors into Czech and then discuss the meanings of them and I will also try to show the distinctions between English and Czech forms. Here are the examples in English: (a1) Theyi killed themk. (b1) Theyi killed themselvesi. (c1) Theyi killed each otheri. And the translation into Czech: (a2) Oni je zabili. (b2) Oni se zabili. (c2) Oni se zabili (navzajem). The example (a1) has the index i with the pronoun they and the index k with the accusative case of the pronoun they, which means that the pronoun they have a meaning of „peopleâ€Å", which are NOT the people included in the meaning of them, i. e. them has the so-called disjoined refference. The following examples (12), (13) and (14) show that in English the nominative and accusative cases of the pronoun they are used to mark different (groups of) people. (12) (13) (14) The thievesi killed themk. The thievesi killed the thievesk. *The thievesi killed the thievesi. the thieves ? them they are not the same thieves so they cannot have the same index The example (b1) has the index i in both cases – it means that they and themselves includes the same people. Because themselves is a reflexive pronoun, we know that the group of people indicated in they is the same group of people as in themselves. In the example (c1) is shown the same as in the example (b1), although in this case the second pronoun is reciprocal so we know that the group of people included in they consists – in this case – of two people. It means that the first one killed the second one and conversely the second one killed the first one. It means that the reciprocals „require the antecedent to be plural (the action or relation takes place between the members of the set, reciprocally). â€Å" (Veselovska:104) These anaphors in (b1) and (c1) are also called syntactic anaphors. „Syntactic anaphors have a hierarchically higher antecedent, which means they must be bound in the same clause, usually in the position of Subject or Agentâ€Å" (Veselovska:104) as in (15) and (16). (15) (16) We saw ourselves in the mirror. To educate oneself is a choice of every person. urselves Subject oneself Agent (of educating) In Czech it is different. The first example (a2) is very simple – the pronouns clearly state who killed whom. Oni killed je, which means one group of people killed the other one. The examples (b2) and (c2) are in Czech similar in form but different in meaning. Nevertheless, in the second case w e can optionally add the word navzajem, so it would be more clear who killed whom but basically, the reflexive pronoun se is universal in Czech. BIBLIOGRAPHY Veselovska, Ludmila. A Course In English Morpho-Syntax. UP Olomouc, 2009 How to cite Word Order in a Noun Phrase and English Anaphors, Essay examples

The Alamo - Samuel F.B. Morse Essays - Telegraphy, Morse Code

The Alamo - Samuel F.B. Morse Samuel F. B. Morse Samuel Finley Breese Morse was born on April 27, 1791, in Charlestown, just outside of Boston, Massachusetts. His father was Jedidiah Morse, a well- respected pastor and a writer. His mother was Elizabeth Ann Breese. Samuel's parents had high hopes for their oldest son. When he was seven, they sent him to Phillips Academy in Andover. Although he was clearly smart, Samuel as a student was disappointing. He spent most of his time goofing off and drawing. At Yale College, Morse was an unsure student, but his interests were lectures of the then newly developing subject of electricity, and painting miniature portraits. After college, Morse directed his enthusiasm especially to painting, which he studied in England. After settling in New York City in 1825, he became one of the most respected painters of his time. He also got married to Lucretia. Morse was very sociable, at home he was strong in politics. A natural leader, he was a founder and the first president of the National Academy of Design, but was defeated in his campaigns to become mayor of New York or a Congressman. In 1832, while returning on the ship Sully from another period of art study in Europe, Morse heard a conversation about the newly discovered electromagnet and thought of the idea of an electric telegraph. He mistakenly thought that the idea of such a telegraph was new, thus helping to give him the willingness to push the idea forward.By 1835 he probably had his first telegraph model working in the New York University building where he taught art. Being poor, Morse used in his model such crude materials as an old artist's canvas stretcher to hold it, a homemade battery and old clockwork to move the paper on which dots and dashes were to be recorded. In 1837 Morse acquired two partners to help him develop his telegraph. One was Leonard Gale, a quiet professor of science at New York University who advised him, for example, on how to increase voltage by increasing the number of turns around the electromagnet. The other was Alfred Vail, who made available both his mechanical skills and his family's New Jersey iron works to help construct better telegraph models.With the aid of his new partners, Morse applied for a patent for his new telegraph in 1837, which he described as including a dot and dash code to represent numbers, including a dictionary to turn the numbers into words. Morse, discouraged with his art career, was giving nearly all his time to the telegraph.By 1838, at an exhibition of his telegraph in New York, Morse transmitted ten words per minute. He had dispensed with his number-word dictionary, using instead the dot-dash code directly for letters. Though changes in detail were to be made later, the Morse code that was t o become standard throughout the world had essentially come into being. During the next few years, Morse exhibited his telegraph before businessmen and committees of Congress, hoping to find the funds to give his telegraph a large-scale test. He met considerable skepticism that any message could really be sent from city to city over wire.On his own, in 1843, without help from his discouraged partners, Morse finally secured funds from Congress to construct the first telegraph line in the U. S. from Baltimore to Washington D.C.After Morse directed the wires to be set on poles instead, the work advanced well, and by May 1844, the first inter-city electromagnetic telegraph line in the world was ready. Then, from the Capitol building in Washington, Morse sent a Biblical quotation as the first formal message on the line to Baltimore, a message that revealed his own sense of wonder that God had chosen him to reveal the use of electricity to man: "What Hath God Wrought!"After twelve years in which most Americans had ignored his efforts to develop a telegraph, Mo rse had quickly become an American hero.By 1847, with enough money from the telegraph, Morse was at last able to bring his scattered family together in an ample country home of his own. He bought a house with one hundred acres of land just outside of Poughkeepsie and named it Locust Grove.In 1848, Morse was

How to Write Research Paper Fast [Guide]

How to Write Research Paper Fast [Guide] Research paper is considered as a long term assignment, when you have to spend a lot of time on research and then even more time to put the materials together and write a decent research paper. However, what if you dont have all that time? What if youve procrastinated too much, and the deadline is tomorrow but you have no ideas, no inspiration and no research materials for your paper. And you dont want to buy research paper online. Fortunately, there is a plan not only to write a research paper fast, but to do it with the kind of style that will nab you a fantastic grade. Here is a minute by minute guide that will lead you to a complete writing assignment withing 2 hours approx. 15 Minutes: Research Paper Thesis If you’re going to write a paper that works, you need a solid thesis. Remember, a thesis is the thing that explains what your whole paper is going to be about. For a research paper, you need to make an assertion in your thesis – that’s just a fancy way of saying that you’re going to prove something with your research. Don’t worry too much about whether the thing you say you’re going to prove is actually true. For now, just write a thesis that boldly shows what you think. If in the course of your research you find that you’re dead wrong, you just change a few words and no one is the wiser. Example: Cheese is the healthiest snack available, and eating it will make you stronger, smarter, and invincible. Revision: Broccolli is one of the most amazing snacks available, and eating it is proven to make you smarter, healthier, and more attractive to the opposite sex. 30 Minutes: Basic Research Okay, now you need some research to support your assertion that broccoli is truly amazing. You’ll need to do some Googling to make sure you get the kind of high-quality support that your teacher wants to see. In order to not waste your time with ads for Broccolli soup, you need to use a few important search rules that will save you time. For example, you could put in â€Å"Brocolli Health Benefits† into your search bar. This will help, but it may not always lead to the kind of high-quality, non-commercial lead you want. Instead, try adding the term â€Å"site:.edu†. Now, you’re getting that deep research that your professor really wants to see, plus you’re adding in lots of juicy proof for your main ideas. You can also choose site:.org for more great information. Time-Saving Hint: After your Google search, click on the page that you think is awesome. Then, scan the page until you find what you’re looking for that will prove a portion of your main assertion. Instead of writing down the information now, just copy the URL from your browser and paste it into a new window. Then, you can just go to your previous window and back out to see your awesome search results again. You can even save similar information in different search bar windows. 15 Minutes: Writing Paper Outline Now that you have your main research ideas organized into different search windows, you can go into your document program and create the rest of your outline around your main thesis. It should look something like this: I. Intro Paragraph A. Hook B. Transition C. Thesis Broccoli is one of the most amazing snacks available, and eating it is proven to make you smarter, healthier, and more attractive to the opposite sex. II. Body Paragraph A. Main Idea B. Proof from research C. Transition III. Body Paragraph (Repeat as needed) IV. Conclusion Paragraph A. Hook B. Transition C. Restate Thesis D. Clincher All you have to do now is fill in the blanks. Copy and paste your proof from research into as many paragraphs as you need to be able to complete your assignment. Then, jot down quick ideas about how you can transition from one idea to the next. Time-Saving Hint: Don’t worry about spending a lot of time on this, just get down a word or two so that you can get your thoughts in order. You’ll spend the bulk of your time actually writing down full sentences based on this rough framework. 30 Minutes: Writing Now, you have a good idea of what you’re going to say and how to say it. If you really did complete the outline, you can totally finish your whole paper in 30 minutes – as long as you type fast. Basically, you are going to complete the sentences and transitions that you created in your outline and then make sure that they make sense. Also, you are going to make sure that write a great Hook and Clincher. Hook: This is the first element of your research paper, and it should get your professor’s attention. This can be an interesting quote, a strange fact, or create a picture in the reader’s mind. Even for research papers, it’s okay to be interesting and fun with your hook. Clincher: This is the final line in your paper. It should also be interesting and provocative. It should give the reader the final impression you want them to take away from your research and look towards the future, based on your research. For example: In fact, broccoli is so incredible, it’s likely that research will continue to show it’s health and social benefits for years to come. Time-Saving Hint: Avoid spending time on editing and spelling mistakes. Right now, your job is to write for 30 minutes straight so that you can get all the ideas on paper. You can go back and fix mistakes later. 15 Minutes: Editing Now, you can fix all the mistakes you made during your mad dash to get the words out. But, you don’t want to waste time on minor mistakes if you’ve made a major one that needs more attention. Here’s how to do it fast so that your paper had the best chance of success: Go through your paper and ensure that each paragraph can be directly connected to your thesis statement. Make sure all the paragraphs flow. If they are in the wrong order, this is the time to change them. Include any citations that need to be added for your research by linking with footnotes inserting the URL (for now). Read the opening and closing paragraphs back to back. Do they sound similar? That’s a good thing. If they are exactly the same, that is a bad thing. Read your paper to yourself quickly (or have a friend do it). Note any grammar or spelling mistakes and fix them now. 15 Minutes: Citation and Essay Check You’ve almost finished. Now, you need to insert the correct citation page for all those amazing footnotes or citations you included in your paper. Go to Citation Machine and choose the style that your professor expects you to cite in. Follow the directions for the type of resources youre including and simply copy and paste the results into your paper! There you have it! An award-winning research paper in two hours. All it takes is a little planning, some good time-saving methods, and quick fingers, and you can save yourself a huge amount of time and hassle stressing over your writing.

Qué es Alien Registration Number y dónde encontrarlo

Quà © es Alien Registration Number y dà ³nde encontrarlo El Alien Registration Number es un nà ºmero de identificacià ³n asignado por una agencia o autoridad de Estados Unidos a un extranjero presente en el paà ­s. El Alien Registration Number, que tambià ©n se conoce como  A Number, A #  e incluso  green card number  est conformado por la letra A seguido siete, ocho o nueve dà ­gitos. Una vez que un nà ºmero ha sido asignado a una persona, à ©ste no cambia, es decir, siempre es el mismo. Quià ©nes tienen un Alien Registration Number Los extranjeros  que se encuentran en Estados Unidos pueden tener un Alien Registration Number, pero no todos lo tienen. En realidad, solamente los que se encajan en una de las cuatro  categorà ­as siguientes: En primer lugar, los residentes permanentes legales, es decir los que tienen una tarjeta de residencia, tambià ©n conocida como greencard. En segundo lugar, los extranjeros en proceso de ajuste de estatus. En tercer lugar, los extranjeros que tienen un permiso de trabajo por razones distintas a un ajuste de estatus. Y, finalmente y en cuarto lugar, los migrantes que sin pertenecer a ninguna de las tres categorà ­as anteriores  tienen o han tenido algà ºn tipo de procedimiento abierto en una corte migratoria. Por ejemplo, el caso de indocumentados en un proceso de deportacià ³n o un solicitante de asilo en fase defensiva, etc. Cabe destacar que si se est en Estados Unidos con una visa no inmigrante, como la de turista, estudiante, etc. no se tiene un Alien Registration Number, a menos que se haya abierto un procedimiento en corte migratoria o està © en tramitacià ³n para ajuste de estatus. Asimismo, los indocumentados que no han tenido ningà ºn tipo de contacto con las autoridades migratorias tampoco lo tienen. Por à ºltimo, cabe destacar que es posible solicitar a USCIS que notifique cul es el Alien Number de una persona que sabe que lo tiene pero no es capaz de encontrar ningà ºn documento en el que figura y no lo recuerda de memoria. Para estos casos se puede pedir una FOIA mediante el formulario G-639. Tambià ©n es posible solicitar el rà ©cord migratorio a una corte. Dà ³nde un migrante puede verificar cul es su alien registration number Este nà ºmero se puede encontrar en la tarjeta de residencia green card. Los migrantes que ingresaron a EE.UU. con una visa de inmigrante pueden encontrarlo en dicha visa, con el nombre de registration number. Asimismo, puede encontrarse en la carta del USCIS en la que se notifica la aprobacià ³n de la solicitud de ajuste de estatus o en la tarjeta de un permiso de trabajo. Los migrantes que tienen o han tenido un trmite ante la corte migratoria pueden encontrar el nà ºmero de alien en la apertura del expediente. Para quà © se utiliza el alien number El alien number es necesario para completar  formularios  de todo tipo, pero especialmente los migratorios, aunque tiene ms finalidades. Si al llenar una planilla piden un A# de nueve dà ­gitos pero se tiene un alien number de solamente siete u ocho debe aà ±adirse un 0 (cero) o dos ceros a la izquierda del nà ºmero para asà ­ tener un nà ºmero de nueve cifras. Es necesario el nà ºmero de alien, por ejemplo, cuando un residente permanente reclama la tarjeta de residencia para su cà ³nyuge o hijo se le pide su nà ºmero de extranjero. Tambià ©n es necesario para pedir la ciudadanà ­a estadounidense por naturalizacià ³n, solicitar el Nà ºmero del Seguro Social o al completar el formulario I-9 al iniciar un trabajo en una empresa. Tambià ©n se utiliza para declarar y pagar  impuestos  e incluso para solicitar  becas  federales mediante la Aplicacià ³n Gratuita de Ayuda Federal para Estudiantes (FAFSA, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) para quienes puede aplicar desde el punto de vista migratorio y financiero. Tambià ©n se utiliza para comprobar el derecho a ciertos beneficios sociales, como cupones de alimentos o Medicaid. Otro ejemplo para el que se utiliza el A# es para buscar a personas que se cree que han sido detenidas por Inmigracià ³n. El sistema para localizarlas digitalmente creado por el gobierno pide que se introduzca ese nà ºmero, si se tiene uno y se conoce. Por esta razà ³n, si se tiene ese nà ºmero es importante comunicarlo a un familiar cercano o a un amigo confianza porque puede ser muy à ºtil que otra persona lo tenga a la hora de localizar a migrante que ha sido detenido. Tambià ©n se puede utilizar el Alien Registration Number para que un migrante pueda saber si tiene una orden de deportacià ³n en su contra dictada en ausencia. Si existe una duda razonable de que un migrante tiene ese tipo de orden es importante que se informe ya que de ser detenido podrà ­a ser deportado inmediatamente sin pasar por corte migratoria. Quà © hacer si un formulario pregunta el Alien Registration Number y no se tiene Si una planilla pregunta por el nà ºmero de alien y no se tiene se debe dejar el espacio correspondiente en blanco, escribir NONE o N/A. Un ejemplo son los formularios para solicitar los papeles a un familiar en el punto en el que preguntan por el A-number de la persona pedida, si à ©sta no hay tenido jams uno. Lo que nunca se aconseja es escribir un nà ºmero falso, inventado o que corresponda a otra persona ya que eso es un fraude de ley y puede tener en el futuro consecuencias migratorias muy negativas. En ocasiones, ser posible utilizar como nà ºmero de identificacià ³n el del Seguro Social o incluso el ITIN. Pero hay que asegurarse de que es posible. En muchos casos no se admite la sustitucià ³n de un nà ºmero por los otros ya que el nà ºmero del Social o del ITIN no indican, por sà ­ solos, estatus migratorio legal.   Evitar confusiones con el Alien Registration Number No se debe confundir el Alien Registration  Number con el nà ºmero de Seguridad Social. El SS# consta de nueve dà ­gitos y es emitido por la Administracià ³n de la Seguridad Social a los ciudadanos estadounidenses, residentes permanentes legales y a ciertas categorà ­as de extranjeros con visas que permiten solicitar autorizaciones para trabajar. Tampoco confundirlo con el nà ºmero del I-94, registro de entrada y salida de Estados Unidos y que es el nà ºmero que se pide para completar algunos formularios migratorios, como por ejemplo, pedir extensià ³n o cambio de visa, solicitar ajuste de estatus, etc. Puntos Clave: Alien Registration Number El Alien Registration Number es un nà ºmero de 7,8 o 9 dà ­gitos que sirve para identificar a extranjeros en EE.UU. Es siempre el mismo, nunca cambia.No todos los extranjeros tienen un Alien Registration Number. Sà ­ lo tienen: residentes permanentes, personas con ajuste de estatus aprobado, extranjeros con permiso de trabajo y migrantes que han tenido o tienen un expediente en corte migratoria.Llenando el formulario G-639 es posible pedir a USCIS que notifique el nà ºmero de alien de una persona que sabe que lo ha tenido pero no lo recuerda ni guarda ningà ºn documento en el que conste. Tambià ©n se puede pedir una FOIA a una corte migratoria.Llenar un formulario utilizando un alien registration number falso o de otra persona es un fraude de ley. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a migratoria legal para ningà ºn caso concreto.

Miracles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Miracles - Essay Example is not irrational to accept the testimony of witnesses who had nothing to gain from their testimony, of the occurrence of Christs resurrection" Scalia told the audience. "What is irrational is to reject ... without any investigation of the possibility of miracles†¦ ("Belief in Miracles Should," 2001) It is interesting to note the legal perspective that Justice Scalia engages and to wonder what the writer’s of the New Testament, especially in the area of the many miracles preformed, had intended further audiences to glean from such things. Is it a sense of absolute fact, a sense of complete incredulity, or is it a sense of hope? Take the example of Lazarus (John 11:38-44), perhaps the most famous miracle next to Christ’s own Transfiguration, Resurrection and Ascension. In a way Lazarus foreshadowed these events and even Christ’s remarks afterward bring some light for the reason behind any miracle. Before raising Lazarus from the dead, Christ speaks the following words to Martha and Mary, Lazarus’ sisters: (25) Jesus said unto her, I am the resurrection, and the life: he that believeth in me, though he were dead, yet shall he live: (26) And whosoever liveth and believeth in me shall never die. Believest thou this? After Christ speaks the words, â€Å"Lazarus, Come Forth† and Lazarus rises many that were there were converted by the sight and became believers in Christ. Others, went to the Pharisees and told them who replied with a sense of jealous competition that they needed to stop him. â€Å"(48) If we let him thus alone, all men will believe on him.† They did not, however, say they did not believe in his miracles. (33) And he took him aside from the multitude, and put his fingers into his ears, and he spit, and touched his tongue; (34) And looking up to heaven, he sighed, and saith unto him, Ephphatha, that is, Be opened. (35) And straightway his ears were opened, and the string of his tongue was loosed, and he spake plain. (36) And he charged

E-Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

E-Business - Essay Example Once Grandma’s Treats has a proper website in place, the next priority is to maximize traffic to the website. There are numerous ways of promoting a website such as; banner advertising, cross media advertising, search engine registration etc. It recommended that Granma’s Treats initially implements the following modes of promoting website. Banner advertising is undoubtedly is the most popular form of advertising on the web. Banner advertising involves putting banners which serve as hyperlinks to your website, on various popular sites. There are both paid and unpaid forms of banner advertising available these days. The unpaid form of banner advertising is referred to as banner exchange – which involves putting banners of other website on your website in return for having your banner placed on other websites (Wilson. 1999). It is recommended that Grandma’s Treats doesn’t indulge in the banner exchange program as having banners on the e-commerce will distract the visitors. So, the best alternative is to go for paid banner advertising, it is important to make a wise decision when choosing a site for placing banner advertisement. The site must be related to gourmet food industry o else the site must be popular locally in he region in which Grandma’s Treats does business. The design of the banner ad is crucial. It should stand out and make people click instinctively (Ryder). Placing banner on the right side of the page is also a good idea as it will be easily noticed, since normally people read from left to right (Ryder. 2007). In order to maximize traffic it is essential to have banner ads on numerous websites. A disadvantage of banner advertising is that it is difficult to track how much they contribute to total sales (Wilson. 1999). However, banner advertising does guarantee increased traffic and it is one of the oldest forms of advertising on the web and it

Middle Child :: essays research papers

The Art of the Middle Child   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What if you had the opportunity to see something you had never seen before. Would you take a camera? Would you go? Would you give it a thought? This is what goes through the mind of a person like me. More specifically a middle child, they put way too much thought into things. I am Josh, and I am a middle child. I’ve said it once and one more time wont hurt, being a middle child was hard let me tell you about me.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wouldn’t it be funny if we were taught from the top down, makes as much sense as building a house starting with the roof and ending with the foundations? Sometimes is done like this quite often, as a result we have a distinct variety of people known as â€Å"Middle Child Syndrome.† Middle Child Syndrome is not something that occurs often in a family, usually only once but it may happen more than once, I would pick up a book on the subject sometime if you are still curious after reading this. There are a lot of qualities that go into the recipe of making the middle child. Lets go into describing them in terms of myself.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I have fought to keep an image of myself that I believe should be maintained. When something has come along in the past I have done what I could to keep what I could. A famous speaker once said: â€Å"I believe in coming out and being plain and honest with that which should be made public, and in keeping yourselves that which should be kept. If you have your weaknesses, keep them hid from your brethren as much as you can. You never hear me ask the people to tell their follies†¦ do not tell our nonsensical conduct that nobody knows of but yourselves.† Look at the third from last line, â€Å"†¦If you have your weaknesses, keep them hid from your brethren,†--keep them hid. I have pride in my honesty but I have made my mistakes. When I was the age of 11, approximately, I had taken my sister out for a walk. She was about 6 years old and had to be watched like a hawk. I had not got along wither for quite sometime and would blame things on her when we had disputes; everyone in my family had known that. Every time that something happened, I would find a way to pin the situation on my little sister.

Protestant Reformation and Hamlet S Character

To Do or Not To Do? How many times does one find themselves shirking responsibilities they accepted, or avoiding promises they made? One who often finds himself in such situations, will most likely be able to relate with William Shakespeare’s character, Hamlet. In Hamlet, Hamlet is commanded by his father’s ghost to avenge his murder. Whenever Hamlet is presented with an opportunity to do so, he delays his action. Hamlet’s inability to act is a product of the time period during which the play was written. Shakespeare wrote Hamlet during the 1600s in Elizabethan England, during the time of the Renaissance and the Reformation. The Renaissance and Reformation’s belief in ghosts, ways of thinking, views on revenge, and doubts about the afterlife cause Hamlet’s inability to act on his father’s request. The effects of the Renaissance and the Reformation on Hamlet’s character, are manifest even before he meets the ghost. Formal mourning was taken seriously during the Renaissance, and most had people heeded a custom (which was usually upheld by a law) which forbade a widow to remarry earlier than a year following the death of her husband. In the start of the play, following his father’s death and his mother’s hasty remarriage, Hamlet enters with his suit of black, complete with mourning cloak and hood. At this point, Hamlet is already established as a Renaissance figure. Furthermore, Hamlet asks Gertrude and Claudius if he can return to university. Gertrude replies â€Å"go not to Wittenberg† (1. 2. 119). Hamlet studied at Wittenberg, a center of the Reformation. Hamlet’s past behavior gives evidence that he is affected by the Renaissance and the Reformation. The effect that the Renaissance and Reformation have on his actions is most apparent in his inability to avenge his father’s murder. Hamlet learns from the ghost of his father that his death had been a murder, and that â€Å"the serpent that did sting thy father's life now wears his crown† (1. 5. 46-47). The ghost asks Hamlet to â€Å"Avenge his foul and most unnatural murder† (1. 5. 26). Hamlet is eager to undertake this responsibility, and says â€Å"Haste me to know’t, that I, with wings as swift / As mediation or the thoughts of love / May sweep to my revenge† (1. 5. 30-32). But in actuality, Hamlet rethinks his commitment, and procrastinates. One instance of Hamlet procrastination is when he decides that he will not kill Claudius until he has actual proof of Claudius’s crime. Hamlet presents Claudius with a play. One sene of the play â€Å"comes near the circumstance,† (3. 2. 76) it’s plot is similar to Old Hamlet’s murder. Hamlet tells Horatio to â€Å"Observe mine uncle. If his occulted guilt / do not itself unkennel in one speech† (3. 2. 79-80). Hamlet wants Horatio to detect any sign of Claudius’s remorse or guilt. Why does Hamlet suddenly begin to doubt the reality of the ghost? Hamlet’s uncertainty is due to his protestant upbringing. â€Å"[Hamlet] attended Wittenberg, a Protestant school . . . and Protestants did not believe in ghosts† (Neuman). The Reformation had given rise to a new faction of the Church, the Protestants. Hamlet was educated by Protestants, who didn’t believe in ghosts, therefore he is reluctant to accept the ghost’s message. Hamlet’s hesitation to believe the ghost can also be related to Renaissance skepticism. Renaissance humanism and individualism, emphasized the belief in human reason, and Humanists started challenging and questioning the world around them. Hamlet is affected by Renaissance skepticism, and therefore is suspicious of the ghost’s reality. Another obstacle that stood in the way of Hamlets revenge was the opposition of the church and state, of Renaissance English, to taking revenge. The state viewed revenge as taking the law into one’s one hands and undermining the political authority of the state. They felt that the right and correct response to the original crime would be to allow the legal system to take over. The church disproved of revenge because they considered it disgraceful and a result of jealousy and hatred. In their opinion, God was the ultimate avenger. Hamlet’s struggles between society’s opposition to revenge and his own personal desire to avenge his father’s death. The belief of the afterlife is another cause for Hamlet’s inaction, lies in. The Protestant Reformation caused many debates about the existence of Purgatory and the road to Heaven. Catholics believe that â€Å"how we behave – will determine where in the afterlife you will eventually end up† (Zammit). One who dies in â€Å"God’s grace and friendship and [is] perfectly purified, live[s] forever in [heaven]. † If one dies and is still â€Å"imperfectly purified,† he will â€Å"undergo purification† (biblehistory) in Purgatory. If one dies â€Å"in a state of mortal sin, [he will] descend into hell† (Catechism of the Catholic Church). On the other hand, Protestants believe that anyone who accepts Jesus, receives him by faith and repents will go to Heaven. Those who reject God are sent to Hell, a place of torment and separation from God. Purgatory is never explicitly mentioned in the bible, therefore Protestants reject the Roman Catholic teaching that there is also a transitional place or process of purification of the soal. According to the Protestants, there is no Purgatory. Hamlet is unsure about the afterlife. At times he accepts the Catholic view, and at other times he trusts the Protestant view. Hamlet is presented with a perfect opportunity to kill Claudius. He approaches a kneeling, praying Claudius, but â€Å"he is consumed with the Christian notion of the afterlife. The conception that if one died while in prayer, they would automatically go to heaven† (A Christian Excuse for Cruelty). Hamlet wants to kill Claudius â€Å"when he is drunk asleep, or in his rage,/ Or in th'incestuous pleasure of his bed,/ At gaming, swearing, or about some act/ That has no relish of salvation in't† (3. 3. 89) so that Claudius will go to Hell. Although in the pervious instance, Hamlet leans towards the Catholic approach, he later discusses his uncertainty about the afterlife. Hamlet feels that if he cannot act, he can at least kill himself to escape his situation. But, in his â€Å"To be or not to be† soliloquy, Hamlet dismisses his suicidal plans because of his doubts about the afterlife. As Smith points out, at one point in his soliloquy, Hamlet â€Å"thinks for a moment that [death] may be like a deep sleep,† which seems like a fairly pleasant situation. But then, Hamlet wonders, â€Å"To sleep: Perchance to dream: ay there’s the rub; / For in that sleep of death what dreams may come† (3. 1). Hamlet is afraid of the dreams of the after life, the â€Å"pains that the afterlife might bring† (Smith). Hamlet continues to discuss the â€Å"dread of something after death,† and comes to reject his plans of committing suicide because of his dubiousness of the afterlife. Hamlet’s inability to act is largely a byproduct of the time period during which he lived. Hamlet was influenced by society’s views, doubts and beliefs. Even today, people’s actions are largely effected by the characteristics of the time period, and by society's pressures.

Asynchronous Environment of FLEXnet Orientation Classroom

FLEXnet Orientation Classroom and Asynchronous Environment Objective The objective of this study is to examine the conduction of a FLEXnet orientation classroom in which the students participation the remainder of the time in an asynchronous environment. Program outcomes include identifying patient confidentiality issues including HIPAA. There are five students enrolled in the class including: (1) Maria Sanchez: Maria is fluent in both Spanish and English and has prior health care work experience; (2) Olga Bartold: Olga is 50 years old and new to the United States. Having come from Germany, she has limited English proficiency and is fluent in German. Olga does not have any experience working in a health care environment; (3) Dr. Ranzin: Dr. Ranzin is from India and speaks fluent English and has several years of experience working in a health care environment; (4) Joe Antone: Joe is a member of the Pima Indian Community. This is Joes first experience working in a health care environment; and (5) Martha Scott: Martha is from the Midwest and has several years of experience working in a health care environment. This study will identify which model would be the most effective to respond to this situation based on the analysis and will answer as to what alternative assessment can be used to evaluate student learning. Introduction The FLEXnet learning model is such that blends the scheduling flexibility of online classes with the face-to-face oral interaction and