How Do Critical Perspectives On Crime Differ From Traditional Essay Example for Free

How Do Critical Perspectives On Crime Differ From Traditional Essay Basic viewpoints on wrongdoing vary from different points of view in that they center around ways individuals and foundations react to wrongdoing and hoodlums. Basic points of view are regularly called social response speculations. The various speculations secured under basic points of view incorporate Labeling hypothesis, Conflict and radical hypothesis and women's activist hypothesis. Marking hypothesis expresses that abnormality isn't simply the demonstration that an individual submits; a freak name will lead us to be increasingly degenerate. Marking hypothesis is one of the most critical points of view in the investigation of criminology. Among these speculations is the naming hypothesis which is one of the most noteworthy hypotheses considered. Marking hypothesis embraces a relativist’s definition, by expecting that nothing about a given conduct naturally makes it degenerate. While customary speculations acknowledge the exactness of authority naming, for example, the capture and indictment, Labeling hypothesis challenges the view and says some people’s conduct is bound to be marked degenerate than others. Struggle and Radical speculations take up where marking hypothesis leaves off. They contend that law is just constrained by the ground-breaking and that they are frequently safeguarded by the prevailing, dissimilar to customary speculations that advance the law and stress the positive parts of it. One zone roused by women's activist work is frequently called sexual orientation proportion; it is the investigation of female rates is such a great amount of lower than male’s rates in savage wrongdoings. Inside the women's activist speculations we have exploitation, contrasts in wrongdoings, Gender Differences, Masculinity. A lot of spotlight is highlighted on manliness of wrongdoings. Scientists contend that so as to decrease wrongdoing men must be mingled more and male predominance must be lit up. It was noted in Chapter 3 that we as of now work admirably of raising our young ladies not to be hoodlums, anyway how might we actualize this into the manly side of things. Manliness and wrongdoing is the huge focal point of crafted by sexual orientation proportion issues. The issue as indicated by sociologists is that wrongdoing is basically a male issue and we have to make sense of how we get to it being significantly less of an issue. Most violations against ladies are either delivered as a wrongdoing against a more fragile individual or a wrongdoing in light of the fact that the criminal is the predominant one. It is by all accounts a twofold edge blade. Force Control hypothesis clarifies the degree of female guiltiness by looking at the sexual orientation procedure of families. It features the jobs played by ladies and men in context to their group. Force Control hypothesis takes a gander at two essential areas, the first is Patriarchal family units in which just the dad works outside the home and the mother is left at home to think about the kids. In this sort of family young men gain proficiency with the manly jobs and young ladies get familiar with the feministic jobs. The other is populist, in which both the female authority and patriarch works outside the home, in this manner the direction isn't there to legitimize jobs which will in general lead to wrongdoing in both sex kids. Albeit most trial of Power control hypothesis produce blended outcomes. Feministic hypotheses show us exactly how inconsistent ladies are depicted in law and society. The primary issue with control hypothesis is a mother’s word related spot versus a father’s word related spot in the family. It centers around the perceived leverage and control and how this influences the child’s inclinations for hazard taking. Criminal law isolates murder and non-careless homicide into four subgroups: first degree murder, second degree murder, intentional homicide and automatic murder. A portion of the examples depicted in our book remember geographic examples for which is chronicled with information measurements. It centers around the various areas and shows the most elevated insights in the South, with the Northeast and Midwest being low to mid. As per information the most noteworthy weapon utilized in murders are handguns at 68 % with blades and obtuse items at 13%. Specialists state that the south is the most noteworthy level of wrongdoing because of the high temperature and swarmed urban zones. As indicated by our book (P200) a sufficient clarification of crime and irritated attack must answer the accompanying inquiries: Why does the United States have a higher manslaughter rate than some other modern country? This is replied by examine that gives information that the United States has more disparity than different countries and in this manner this produces more wrongdoing. There is an immense distinction between the rich and poor people. The other explanation or answer given to this is in the United States more handguns are claimed, and since handguns are the significant reason for murders, this likewise adds to the higher rates. Inside the United States, for what reason are crime and exasperated attack rates most noteworthy in the urban zones? This is best replied with Socialâ disorganization, anomie and strain hypothesis help clarify why wrongdoing as a rule is higher in urban zones; this incorporates higher populaces, denser territories of home, family packing just as feeble day to day environments. There is additionally an opportunity of higher joblessness rates. For what reason do men submit practically all crimes and disturbed attacks? The manliness speculations were raised in section 9, yet this inquiry is replied as this is by all accounts molded in youth and the requirement for young men to grow up more grounded and better than ladies who are viewed as less prevailing. Neediness likewise connects with manliness, the intensity in families and social gatherings. For what reason do African-Americans and others of shading have high paces of manslaughters and irritated attack, both as wrongdoers and casualties? This inquiry is disclosed in comparable manners to those above. It has been an inquiry brimming with hard feelings and closely-held convictions. It could likewise be understood as a bigot or cliché question. Since it is such an unstable subject most analysts go about it in clarifying how minorities have criminogenic auxiliary and natural variables which cause their crime percentage to be higher. There is social complication stress, the pressure of being denied and victimized. Additionally recorded are negative family and school encounters alongside the companion pressure from other freak young people that are basic in the urban territories. These elements separate might not have a lot of impact, however together it ends up being the ideal blend to put African Americans, particularly youthful African Americans at a higher hazard for wrongdoing. For which two kinds of brutal wrongdoing are women’s paces of exploitation a lot higher than men’s exploitation rates? At what rates are ladies deceived for these violations? Portray social legends supporting assault and battering that are talked about in the content Rape/rape and aggressive behavior at home/viciousness carried out by lingerie are at the highest priority on the rundown for wrongdoings submitted against ladies more than men. (P220) Our book expresses that ladies spoke to 89% of all rape wrongdoings and 79% of irritated attacks. A significant number of the social legends are engaged with abroad and underdeveloped nations which consider ladies to be assets or not exactly worth contrasted with a man. In India, just as Pakistan Dowry passings which kill a great many ladies are submitted every day. These passings are authorized as legitimate or typically directed by law authorization with installment. Endowment passings are submitted againstâ a lady of the hour by either a spouse or the husband’s family in light of the fact that the bride’s share was not paid as it should be. Wartime assault and batteries is likewise high in different nations and regularly neglected in the legal framework. A portion of the legends associated with these exploitations incorporate ladies â€Å"like† to be assaulted or they â€Å"ask† to be assaulted. Our book utilizes the initial scene in Gone With the Wind to communicate one of the numerous depictions of ladies getting a charge out of being explicitly ambushed , she is raced up-steps without wanting to, and afterward is appeared with a grin all over toward the beginning of the day. The other legend is that ladies request to be assaulted by the manner in which they dress or how they carry on. This has been a reason utilized by many, even today. The fault doesn't go on the abuser in these cases however takes a gander at how the lady was carrying on before the rape. For abusive behavior at home and attacks the ladies is again said to have â€Å"asked† for the beating by threatening the abuser. The lady is accused for saying or planning something for outrage the male and consequently merited the beating or misuse they got. Ladies are additionally accused since they don't leave the abuser whenever they get an opportunity to leave, nor do they press charges whenever they frequently get the opportunity to. Ladies ordinarily don't leave damaging life partners since they are frequently the sole suppliers, ladies have youngsters and regularly no cash to leave or pay for lodging anyplace or legitimate expenses to separation or put limiting requests on abusers.

English short story Charlie Mcsweeney Mrs Kurt Essays

English short story Charlie Mcsweeney Mrs Kurt Essays English short story Charlie Mcsweeney Mrs Kurt Essay English short story Charlie Mcsweeney Mrs Kurt Essay Fire, how was I expected to realize it would prompt this? Why was fire made? What is its motivation? For what reason did I not contemplate these focuses before?When I was only a little kid (around ten) just because a lighter fire gleamed before my eyes, a fixation of mine had quite recently developed. You see after the principal sight of the radiant spellbinding fire I was snared like an enslavement continually needing to see a greater and increasingly savage fire.The first fire I brought forth required three fire motors to douse it. It was these old tin sheds, that were neglected or that was what I had thought until I had seen the nearby news that evening,Homeless man discovered reprimanded in forsaken tin sheds in Longfield.I felt liable for the vagrant emptying the sheds, and yet a sharp invigorating surge developed all through my body. Whenever made the nearby news once more, an old summary house in the forested areas which went up a treat. The fire motors where incapable to get to the scene, while I watched on intrigued by the blazes flashing savagely in the breeze. The police where getting somewhat dubious now and where attempting to generalization individuals strolling down the road as arsonists whatever one of them would resemble. You see I was a regular young person with tracksuit bottoms a shirt secured by a hooded top and a baseball top. This was the style for kids my age so I didnt stand apart by any means, in spite of the fact that the surge of being gotten was another incitement that I knew one day I would reach an end.For the following couple of months I had been circumventing causing gore torching old houses to dustbins. The surge was developing; my psyche instructing me to cause a fire and to consume something, at this stage realized something wasn't right with my brain yet I was so engaged with the flames my presence of mind had blurred away. I realized the police were hot following right after me they had limited the suspects down to an adole scent living locally in Longfield. This next fire was to be my last it would be the greatest fire I have ever observed. Throughout the previous two months I had been arranging it, thinking about the entirety of my fire lover abilities that I could use.I set off from my home and strolled the three miles to the shops to pick my looking for the fire; it comprised of two jerry jars loaded with petroleum, a lighter and I traveled to Glovers ranch to pick five bails of straw. I set off to the committee bequest which was stuffed with more than 200 houses. I situated my devices around the in one of the carports and continued towards the closest alarm and let it off, and watched the entirety of the individuals escape to the vehicle leave nearly hundred yards away. I at that point promptly started to situate the feed bails in the home. You see the domain had two enormous structures joined by a littler one in the center. I at that point quickly moved to the base of the center structure set the straw and afterward went to the recover the lighter and petroleum. Every one of that was need currently was for me to fix the lighter to detonate when I heard alarms; it must be the police and fire unit reacting to the alarm as I put the fixed lighter there was a hitting into the door,Come on open the entryway, whos there.It must be a child simply playing with alerts again proceed to get the fire detachment to look through the area!The lighter was set up and I was caught the best way to go was up, at this stage my heart was beating and my veins prepared to detonate in view of the adrenaline coursing through them. I at that point remained on the top of the center structure and out of nowhere heard a stunning impact of the fixed lighter detonating. Looking down I could see fir thundering out of the windows and rising upwards.Time was blurring endlessly constraining me upon a choice to live and get captured because of the drop being so high, or remain and get scorched to death. Now ga zing demise directly in the eyes I understood there was no surge or inclination to do it again however a craving to carry on with my life as a typical rational individual again not an arsonist and not end my life at sixteen. The fire was presently two stories underneath me I could feel the warmth through the rooftop. My activities consistently have appeared to go before my brain so before I knew it I was in mid air on my way sensible. I went through the blazes out the window I got somewhat chastened; as I hit the floor with a sickening crash and no feeling of feeling in my legs feeling totally deadened. While I was attempting to creep away I was spotted by one of the policemen,Lads Ive discovered him. Hes the person who began it I saw him through the window.I wasnt truly left with a decision to argue my guiltlessness seeing as one of the occupants saw me set the caution off.So here I am currently sitting in adolescent jail saying to myself,Fire, how was I expected to realize it woul d prompt this? Why was fire made? What was its motivation?

A Brief History of Credit Cards

A Brief History of Credit Cards A Brief History of Credit Cards A Brief History of Credit CardsDiners Club cards werent the first type of credit card, but they were the first to find success on a large scaleâ€"even though their inventor wrote them off as a fad.Credit cards. Few items are as capable of both fixing and ruining a financial situation.Properly using a credit card is one of the best ways to raise your credit score. By paying your bills on time and keeping your debt loads lowâ€"with balances that never exceed 30 percent of your credit limitâ€"you can gradually build  up better and better credit.However, misusing a credit card by taking on more debt than you can handle and/or missing your payments will totally land your score in the tank. Thats how you end up in a situation where youre taking out predatory no credit check loans like payday loans and cash advances to make ends meet during a financial emergency.But how did these polarizing plastics come to be? This is the story of how the humble credit card came to rule over so many financ ial transactions. Before money, there was grain and cattle.Loans have existed for almost as long as civilization. In ancient Egypt, Sumeria, China, India, and elsewhere, early banking systems developed based on food loans. By borrowing cattle or seeds, farmers could breed or grow additional plants or animals. They’d then be required to pay back interest on the loan they took out.This was one of the earliest forms of credit. But you couldn’t take your cows to a movie theater and swipe them in a machine to get some popcorn. There had to be another way!Credit continued to exist and grow as coins and paper money became the dominant form of currency, edging out cows due to their greater portability. But the classic credit card wouldn’t hit the scene until the 20th century. We take you now to post-war Brooklyn …The Diners Club card changed everythingThe first “charge” card didn’t swipe or insert. And no, it wasn’t touchless either.“Bank issued cards came on the scene in 1946, when John Biggins, a Brooklyn bank started the ‘Charg-It’ card,” explained financial coach and author  Karen Ford. “The bank would pay the stores and be responsible for collecting the debt from the card-holders.Biggins’ idea was implemented on a small scaleâ€"only available for residents and merchants within a few blocks of the bank, but the idea caught on quickly. Four years later, the Diners Club Card was instituted by Frank McNamara.”And now, to learn how McNamara came up with the idea for the Diners Club Card, let lawyer and author Steve Weisman of  Scamicide (@Scamicide) take you back to a restaurant in New York City in the middle of the last century:“The evolution of the modern credit card began in 1950 with the issuance of the first Diners Club cards. Diners Club cards were the brainchild of Frank McNamara who, while out for dinner with his lawyer Ralph Schneider and his friend Alfred Bloomingdale, was embarrassed to find he had forgotten his wallet.A shor t phone call later, his wife brought him the necessary cash to pay for dinner, but the proverbial light bulb went off in his head. He came up with the idea for the Diners Club card through which businesses could offer credit to customers with Diners Club billing the customers and paying the businesses.“This business model was the basis for Diners Club and then all credit cards. Interest was not charged on the initial Diners Club card with payment in full required each month. Schneider and Bloomingdale jointed with McNamara to form Diners Club. Diners Club made its profit from annual fees to cardholders and a surcharge to the merchants on each purchase.The first businesses that accepted Diners Club cards were fittingly fourteen New York restaurants.  Diners Club rapidly expanded from an initial 200 cardholders to 20,000 in the first year. Within two years, Diners Club was profitable and Frank McNamara sold his interest in the company to his friends Schneider and Bloomingdale for $ 200,000 because he was convinced that credit cards were merely a fad.”As you might have guessed, McNamara was not correct!“American Express followed the lead of Diners Club eight years later, but the credit card boom really took off when the bank credit card system operated by MasterCard and Visa (then known as BankAmericard) got into the credit card business by setting up a system by which individual banks would set up accounts with merchants and pay the stores immediately upon receiving the bill,” explained Weisman. “The customer got a monthly statement and then could either pay the bill in its entirety or pay a minimum amount with interest on the unpaid balance.”The Supreme Court gave interest rates a big assist.Every good biopic needs a climactic court scene. Here comes the one for Credit Cards: The True Story. We’ll let Weisman present it:“Another key year in the development of credit cards was 1978 when the Supreme Court ruled that credit card issuers would be ab le to charge their out-of-state customers the highest interest rate permitted in the banks home state. This enabled banks to set up shop in states like South Dakota, Nevada, or Delaware where they could charge interest rates that exceeded the usury rates in the states where their customers lived.”That’s why credit cards became so widespread but also perilous to use if you aren’t careful. Now you understand a little more about the history in your wallet! To learn more about the financial side of history, check out  these related posts and articles from OppLoans:The Secret Financial History of VotingThe 12 Worst Financial Scandals In HistoryA Brief History of Credit Scores25 Little-Known Presidential Money FactsWhat else do you want to know about the history of money?  Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.  |  InstagramContributorsKaren Ford is a Master Financial Coach, Public Speaker, Entrepreneur, and Best- Selling Author. Her #1 Amazon Best Selling Book †œMoney Matters” is a discovery for many.  In “Money Matters” she provides keys to demolishing debt, shares how to budget correctly, and gives principles in wealth building.Steve Weisman  is a lawyer, college professor at Bentley University and author.  He is one of the country’s leading experts in identity theft.  His most recent book is “Identity Theft Alert.”  He also writes the blog  Scamicide.com  (@Scamicide)  where he provides daily updated information about the latest scams and identity theft schemes.

Threats to Information Systems in the Cyberspace Free Essay Example, 2500 words

Information plays a critical role in Eazee Shopping s business decision making and any threats to information security should be considered as a direct threat to smooth functioning, business growth and sustainable development of the supermarket business. As far as Eazee Shopping information security strategy is concerned, it should be pointed out that supermarket chain is required to train its IT workers so that they could become physically and mentally prepare regarding the use of new operational, executive and decision support systems. Then, the company needs to employ different strategies such as continuous system monitoring, performance appraisal framework for systems assessment/evaluation and Acceptable Use Policy (AUP) to ensure physical systems and network security. The above-mentioned policies will be discussed in detail in a separate chapter. For instance, Eazee Shopping should maximise internal systems security by using stronger Oracle Applications, by informing organisat ional members in advance about certain programming flaws and defects, by building security profiles and storing in Authorisation Management Systems, and by using organisation-wide and division-wide system security approaches. The above-mentioned plans will also be discussed in detail in a separate chapter to provide readers with an insight into the implementation of various system security plans by Eazee Shopping. We will write a custom essay sample on Threats to Information Systems in the Cyberspace or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

The Crucible By Arthur Miller - 1273 Words

Arthur Miller’s The Crucible, reveals how general members of society will do anything to attain or maintain a position of power and status amongst the bourgeoisie while a few will go through great lengths to remain true to their faith; ultimately revealing that the act of trying to achieve a higher position in life, at the cost of others, is a choice. Throughout the story you see characters change their views, opinions, and actions on certain items just to remain in the position that they have achieved. They also do these things to get to a higher position in society. Keeping your position and working for a new one means absolutely everything to this society. They will do anything to get what they want, they do not care what they do or if they hurt anyone. If they want something they will do everything in their power to get there. The public servants in the small town of Salem choose to exploit the citizens in pursuit of their materialistic desire to maintain their position as bourgeoisie. Reverend Paris is a prime example of this type of character in The Crucible. Paris has just come back from Barbados and is trying to do everything he can to earn the respect of people in the town. He is trying his best to achieve this when suddenly his niece and daughter are seen practicing witch-craft. This is major problem for him. Paris says to his niece Abigail, â€Å"Abigail, I have fought here three long years to bend these stiff-necked people to me, and now, just now when some goodShow MoreRelatedThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1269 Words   |  6 PagesAt first glance, the playwright Arthur Miller in The Crucible highlights the historical significance of the Salem Witch Trials of 1692, but in fact it is an allegorical expression of his perception of McCarthyism. If the reader has some background information on Arthur Miller’s victimization as a communist, it is evident that the play is a didactic vessel illustrating the flaws of the court system in the 1950’s. The communist allegations were launched at government employees, entertainers and writersRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1681 Words   |  7 Pagesof their way to the last dying breath to make sure they leave with a good or bad reputation. In one of the recent literature study in class â€Å"The Crucible† by Arthur Miller, Miller uses characterization to illustrate reputation throughout the play. â€Å"The Crucible† takes place in Salem, Massachusetts. It is based upon the Salem witch trails. In â€Å"The Crucible†, we journey through the life of three characters who reputations plays a major role in the play. The three characters are John Proctor, AbigailRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller998 Words   |  4 Pagesmotivated by jealousy and spite. The Crucible is a four-act dramatic play production that was first performed on January 22, 1953. Arthur Miller used dialogue within the characters to cover the multiple themes; conflicts and resolutions, plus the few directions for the different actions of the play. The Salem Witch Trials were intended to be performed as the play however, when read, it can be more carefully examined and broken down to analyze the techniques. Miller, the playwright, uses literaryRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1333 Words   |  6 PagesAs the various characters in The Crucible by Arthur Miller interact, the dominant theme of the consequences of women’s nonconformity begins to slide out from behind the curtains of the play. Such a theme reveals the gripping fear that inundated the Puritans during the seventeenth century. This fear led to the famous witch-hunts that primarily terrorized women who deviated from the Puritan vision of absolute obedience and orthodoxy. Arthur Miller presents his interpretation of the suffering by subtlyRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1145 Words   |  5 PagesUnbalance Through The Centuries In Arthur Miller’s play, The Crucible, the author reflects the persecution of communists in America in the 1950’s through a recount of the Salem witch trials. It is often presumed that Miller based his drama directly off of events that were particularly prevalent in the years surrounding the publication of The Crucible- which was released in the year 1953, towards the conclusion of the Korean War. Although there was not a literal witch hunt occurring during this timeRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1063 Words   |  5 PagesIn the English dictionary, there are three definitions of the word crucible. One is a metal container in which metals are mixed and melted. Another is a severe test. But the third definition, and the one that I think fits the best for this book, is a place or situation in which different elements interact to create something new. In my mind, this fits because all of the characters had their little grudges and dirty secrets. But when all th ose seemingly little things interact, they formed somethingRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1285 Words   |  6 Pages Rationale, Morality, Stereotypes, Pressure, Self-Censorship, Unanimity, and Mindguards. Groupthink has also taken place in our history a a country. The play, The Crucible by Arthur Miller is about a the real-life Salem Witch Trials that happened in 1692 - 1693, in Salem, Massachusetts. Some symptoms of Groupthink found in the Crucible are Rationale, Pressure, and Self-Censorship. The Groupthink symptom, Rationale, is described as when victims of Groupthink ignore warnings: they also collectivelyRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller811 Words   |  4 Pages While The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, is only a four act play, it still resembles the format of a five act play. The five-act structure evolved from a three-act structure, which was made famous by Roman Aelius Donatus. Donatus came up with three types of plays: Protasis, Epitasis, and Catastrophe. The five-act structure helped to expand the three act structure, mainly made famous by Shakespeare through his many tragedies. Even though The Crucible contains only four acts, it still has the commonRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1052 Words   |  5 PagesBuddy Al-Aydi Ms.Healy English 9 CP 14th October 2014 The Crucible Essay The Crucible was a novel written by Arthur Miller in the 1950’s. It was written in a format of the play, portraying an allegory of the Salem Witch-Hunts led by Senator Joseph McCarthy. The book is known to have a inexplicable plot. This plot is advanced by multiple characters in the book in order to ensure that the reader maintains interest with the material that is being read. The farmer, John Proctor, would be theRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller841 Words   |  4 PagesThe Crucible is a chaotic play, throughout this American classic Arthur Miller takes the reader through multiple events of terror and insanity. While creating a great on-stage play, Arthur Miller portrays his life through the events, the characters, and plot of The Crucible. Using vivid imagery and comprehensible symbolism, Miller manipulates the real personalities of the characters and events in 1600 Salem, Massachusetts to create a symbolic autobiography. Throughout this play, the reader experie nces

Word Order in a Noun Phrase and English Anaphors Free Essays

WORD ORDER IN NP AND ENGLISH ANAPHORS Tereza Stifnerova The purpose of this essay is firstly to show the word order of a noun phrase (NP) and how the head noun of the NP can be post- and pre-modified, and secondly to focus on meaning of some examples of English anaphors and the distinctions between them and their Czech translations. The first part is going to aim on the internal structure of NPs. Complex nominal phrase consists of the pre-modifying elements, the head noun and the post-modifying elements. We will write a custom essay sample on Word Order in a Noun Phrase and English Anaphors or any similar topic only for you Order Now The so-called pre-modifiers can be divided into two groups: determiners and prenominals. We have to say that „determiners are obligatory and uniqueâ€Å" (Veselovska:86), and they have a specific place in the noun phrase – they are at the beginning. Among determiners we arrange also the possesives (my, your, etc. ). These two (determiners and possesives) are shown in (1). (1) a/the/my/mum’s mug Prenominals are the adjectives and secondary adjectives between the determiners and the head noun. They are optional, which means they do not have to be in the NP, and they are recursive – it means they are not lined up in a very strict order, but there are some semantic features which affect the order. (2) a. the small old blue wooden box b. ? the wooden blue old small box c. small the old blue wooden box Post-modifiers, or postnominals, can also have a fixed or a relatively free order. Among elements of these category belong multiple prepositional phrases (3-4), verbs with infinitive or in the –ing form (5-6), clauses (relative clause) (7), complex adjectival phrases (8) and of-phrases (9). 3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) the gift for Jane from Peter ? the gift from Peter to Jane a girl to watch the lector teaching history the gift which you gave me a girl [AP more beautiful than me ] the student of philology Except the last one, the others can be lined up after the head noun in a relatively free order. (10) a book of fairytales tied with a blue ribbon for my daughter A s I said, the of-phrase has a fixed place in a word order of a NP – it has to follow the head noun immediately because it is adjacent to the noun. 11) a. an office of the teacher with the white door b. * an office with the white door of the teacher In the second part I am going to translate some examples of English anaphors into Czech and then discuss the meanings of them and I will also try to show the distinctions between English and Czech forms. Here are the examples in English: (a1) Theyi killed themk. (b1) Theyi killed themselvesi. (c1) Theyi killed each otheri. And the translation into Czech: (a2) Oni je zabili. (b2) Oni se zabili. (c2) Oni se zabili (navzajem). The example (a1) has the index i with the pronoun they and the index k with the accusative case of the pronoun they, which means that the pronoun they have a meaning of „peopleâ€Å", which are NOT the people included in the meaning of them, i. e. them has the so-called disjoined refference. The following examples (12), (13) and (14) show that in English the nominative and accusative cases of the pronoun they are used to mark different (groups of) people. (12) (13) (14) The thievesi killed themk. The thievesi killed the thievesk. *The thievesi killed the thievesi. the thieves ? them they are not the same thieves so they cannot have the same index The example (b1) has the index i in both cases – it means that they and themselves includes the same people. Because themselves is a reflexive pronoun, we know that the group of people indicated in they is the same group of people as in themselves. In the example (c1) is shown the same as in the example (b1), although in this case the second pronoun is reciprocal so we know that the group of people included in they consists – in this case – of two people. It means that the first one killed the second one and conversely the second one killed the first one. It means that the reciprocals „require the antecedent to be plural (the action or relation takes place between the members of the set, reciprocally). â€Å" (Veselovska:104) These anaphors in (b1) and (c1) are also called syntactic anaphors. „Syntactic anaphors have a hierarchically higher antecedent, which means they must be bound in the same clause, usually in the position of Subject or Agentâ€Å" (Veselovska:104) as in (15) and (16). (15) (16) We saw ourselves in the mirror. To educate oneself is a choice of every person. urselves Subject oneself Agent (of educating) In Czech it is different. The first example (a2) is very simple – the pronouns clearly state who killed whom. Oni killed je, which means one group of people killed the other one. The examples (b2) and (c2) are in Czech similar in form but different in meaning. Nevertheless, in the second case w e can optionally add the word navzajem, so it would be more clear who killed whom but basically, the reflexive pronoun se is universal in Czech. BIBLIOGRAPHY Veselovska, Ludmila. A Course In English Morpho-Syntax. UP Olomouc, 2009 How to cite Word Order in a Noun Phrase and English Anaphors, Essay examples

The Alamo - Samuel F.B. Morse Essays - Telegraphy, Morse Code

The Alamo - Samuel F.B. Morse Samuel F. B. Morse Samuel Finley Breese Morse was born on April 27, 1791, in Charlestown, just outside of Boston, Massachusetts. His father was Jedidiah Morse, a well- respected pastor and a writer. His mother was Elizabeth Ann Breese. Samuel's parents had high hopes for their oldest son. When he was seven, they sent him to Phillips Academy in Andover. Although he was clearly smart, Samuel as a student was disappointing. He spent most of his time goofing off and drawing. At Yale College, Morse was an unsure student, but his interests were lectures of the then newly developing subject of electricity, and painting miniature portraits. After college, Morse directed his enthusiasm especially to painting, which he studied in England. After settling in New York City in 1825, he became one of the most respected painters of his time. He also got married to Lucretia. Morse was very sociable, at home he was strong in politics. A natural leader, he was a founder and the first president of the National Academy of Design, but was defeated in his campaigns to become mayor of New York or a Congressman. In 1832, while returning on the ship Sully from another period of art study in Europe, Morse heard a conversation about the newly discovered electromagnet and thought of the idea of an electric telegraph. He mistakenly thought that the idea of such a telegraph was new, thus helping to give him the willingness to push the idea forward.By 1835 he probably had his first telegraph model working in the New York University building where he taught art. Being poor, Morse used in his model such crude materials as an old artist's canvas stretcher to hold it, a homemade battery and old clockwork to move the paper on which dots and dashes were to be recorded. In 1837 Morse acquired two partners to help him develop his telegraph. One was Leonard Gale, a quiet professor of science at New York University who advised him, for example, on how to increase voltage by increasing the number of turns around the electromagnet. The other was Alfred Vail, who made available both his mechanical skills and his family's New Jersey iron works to help construct better telegraph models.With the aid of his new partners, Morse applied for a patent for his new telegraph in 1837, which he described as including a dot and dash code to represent numbers, including a dictionary to turn the numbers into words. Morse, discouraged with his art career, was giving nearly all his time to the telegraph.By 1838, at an exhibition of his telegraph in New York, Morse transmitted ten words per minute. He had dispensed with his number-word dictionary, using instead the dot-dash code directly for letters. Though changes in detail were to be made later, the Morse code that was t o become standard throughout the world had essentially come into being. During the next few years, Morse exhibited his telegraph before businessmen and committees of Congress, hoping to find the funds to give his telegraph a large-scale test. He met considerable skepticism that any message could really be sent from city to city over wire.On his own, in 1843, without help from his discouraged partners, Morse finally secured funds from Congress to construct the first telegraph line in the U. S. from Baltimore to Washington D.C.After Morse directed the wires to be set on poles instead, the work advanced well, and by May 1844, the first inter-city electromagnetic telegraph line in the world was ready. Then, from the Capitol building in Washington, Morse sent a Biblical quotation as the first formal message on the line to Baltimore, a message that revealed his own sense of wonder that God had chosen him to reveal the use of electricity to man: "What Hath God Wrought!"After twelve years in which most Americans had ignored his efforts to develop a telegraph, Mo rse had quickly become an American hero.By 1847, with enough money from the telegraph, Morse was at last able to bring his scattered family together in an ample country home of his own. He bought a house with one hundred acres of land just outside of Poughkeepsie and named it Locust Grove.In 1848, Morse was